I have just come back from Istanbul. In short, it was amazing!!! Istanbul is literally the crossroads of the world! You could walk down the street and see stores selling mini skirts and next to that store would be an Islamic clothing store. Some people would wear tank tops, others would not even show their wrists. Such an interesting society! Remember, Societies are complex :).
Istanbul is the cultural, economic and historical heart of Turkey and has a population of 13.9 million people. However, it is not the capital of Turkey. The Bosphorus runs through the city and connects to the Black Sea on one end and the Marmara on the other side. The Bosphorus divides the city into two halves, the European side and the Asian side. The European side has most of the historical sites and is divided into two parts: Old City and New City.
Istanbul, formerly Constantinople, was conquered from the Byzantines in 1453 by the Ottomans. The Silk Road ran through the city and connected Europe and Asia to the silk road.
Also, you might be thinking..."Gosh Natalie! It has taken you forever to post? What's the deal?!". First, I needed to socialize with my host family. Second, my camera broke day 1 in Istanbul. The pictures looked really cloudy and were hard to see. As a result, I have hand edited all 723 pictures of Istanbul so that they look nice. Also, it took me 14 hours to load them on Facebook after I had finished editing them. I have been working, but it has taken me a while. Blogging and technology can be a full time job!
Where to begin....
On arrival day, we as a group just flew to Istanbul and rested and ate. We did not do anything too crazy or see anything. We went to the hotel and then out to dinner. Here is a picture of us at dinner. The first hotel we went to had a beautiful view of the Marmara Sea from the roof. Below is a picture of that dinner as well as the view from the roof of the first hotel.
On the second, we packed up our bags and moved to a new hotel. It was just as nice as the first one and we were content to move. After moving our things, we sat in the hotel's conference room and listened to a Professor speak about the history of Turkey. Personally, I strongly disliked this lecture. It felt like History of the World Part I crammed into an hour. My eyes kept glossing over and I could not follow.
After the lecture, we did a famous SIT activity, the drop off. This happens whenever we go to a new place. In the activity, they split us into groups of four hand us some cash and tell us to go to a certain place in the city. Each group goes to a different place. In the end, we all meet up and share where we went and what we did. My group got Galata Tower. I jumped from my chair, yelled yes and fist pumped. Everyone looked at me like I was having an issue, but I was that excited. I had been telling the teachers at SIT about how I played Assassin's Creed the Turkish version with my friend Kelsey at Gettysburg. My avatar would sit at Galata Tower and watch the city. I said I was excited to go there. I think the teachers put me in the Galata group because they knew that I really wanted to see the sight. I appreciated this.
To get to Galata Tower, you have to walk up a long 90 degree hill. I thought I was not going to make it. The steps were not even, but slanted which made it even harder to walk. Meg and I walked slowly behind the guys, but we made it. Below are some pictures of the tower. From the tower, it is possible to see all of Istanbul and all the bodies of water.
After the tower, we walked around for a while. There are some beautiful European shops by the tower. One was a store that sold all hand made shoes! Quiet impressive. By the tower was also a stand that sold fake Istanbul IDs quietly. We really wanted to buy some, but then decided we would prefer not getting arrested if caught. It was tempting though. For once I was not the voice of reason, but it was Meg. They had 50 ids you could choose from. We walked back down the steps and went to the hotel for nap time. Yes, afternoon nap time.
The rest of the day was free. Paige and I had a really nice dinner at a fancy restaurant near the hotel. I got steak. It was most likely the first piece of beef I had had in 2 months. While there is beef in Amman, it is not USDA steak type of beef. Thus I avoid it. I eat chicken a lot :).
On the third day we had a historical tour. We visited Tokapi Serey, Hagia Sophia and The Blue Mosque. It was quite the day!
Tokapi Serey was breath taking! This palace was built in 1459 after Sultan Mehmet II conquered Constantinople. The name of the palace means cannon gate palace. The Ottomans ruled for 624 years. For 400 years, the Sultan lived in this palace and 4000 people also worked and lived there as well. The palace included a harem, a bakery, a mosque, a treasury and many other rooms. As a result it is a UNESCO historical heritage site.
Here are some pictures of Tokapi Serey
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A sitting room |
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Door to circumcision rroom-Izniktile |
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Sultan Mehmet's signature |
Here is a link that explains Mehmet's signature:
Mehmet's signature
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fountain |
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EEntrancePalace |
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a small fountain in front of the library |
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The Turban room |
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Me at the palace |
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Iznik tile |
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More TILE! |
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MORE TILE! |
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THE TILE IS KILLING ME! |
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Tile in the circumcision room |
My favorite thing about Tokapi is the Iznik Tile. It is so beautiful and I cannot believe that someone painted all of them by hand. Iznik tile and pottery was developed by the Ottoman Turks. It derives its name from the town of Iznik in Anatolia, the place where the Ottomans came from. The color of red is now lost and no one can reproduce it. The motifs usually include carnations, tulips and some type of blue design. I feel like I have more pictures of the tile, but I cannot find them. Stupid camera! I'm a tile-o-phile.
Personally, I really wanted to see the harem of Tokapi Serey. When we were given free time to explore the palace, I asked the tour guide where the harem was. She kind of avoided my question. When I asked a third time, she said that it was not included in the tour. So I asked how I could see it. Apparently, there is a separate admission fee to see the harem. I did not have time on that day, so I planned to come back. Unfortunately, whenever I had time for the remainder of the trip, the harem was closed. I really would have loved to have seen it, but that is really the only place that I did not get to go to. This gives me a reason to come back to Istanbul one day.
The harem is totally the most important part of the palace complex. It was where all the women lived and where all the sultans were born and raised. When we think of harem today, we think of a group of powerless concubines living in a room only trying to please the sultan. The women were actually politically active. Since the most of the early sultans did not have a wife/queen, the women in the harem were always trying to get into a better position. Also, the concept of the first born son gets to be the crowned price did not exist. The Sultan instead would pick his favorite son to succeed him. The mothers were always making sure that their son would be the best. They made sure that the boy received the best education and instruction in court ways as possible. The mother wanted her son to be king, because then she would be the top woman in the harem and also she would have the sultan's ear. She could get him to do as she pleased. Also, once an heir was named, the Ottomans would kill all the other competition. This meant that sometimes brothers were killed. This prevent succession problems and the mothers were very much involved in this. If you want more information, read
The Imperial Harem by Leslie Pierce. The writing will make you want to hang yourself from a bridge, but it had some good information. The harem is much more than a sexual pleasure room, it was the most politically active room in the palace. Not seeing it was like going to the White House and not getting a glimpse of the Oval Office, you really want to see where the power is.
After the palace, the group went to Hagia Sopia. This Byzantine church was converted into a mosque when Mehmet II conquered Istanbul. The story goes that after Mehmet conquered the city, he immediately ran to Hagia Sophia to claim it. It was such an impressive building and he could not wait to make it his. Upon arrival, he saw his soldiers knocking down the statues and tearing apart the beautiful mosaic. He ordered these soldiers to be killed and ordered that the church not be destroyed. Mehmet saw this church as the jewel of his newly conquered territory. He added a mihrab, a minbar and minarets to be installed in order to make it a mosque. Hagia Sophia, or Saint Sophia, is no longer a mosque. Now it is a museum. I think the large mosaic of Jesus was under reconstruction. There was a lot of construction items blocking it from view.
Below are pictures.
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The Domes |
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Mary and Jesus lived in the Mosque too! Mehmet left them up. |
The Blue mosque is the only mosque in the world to have 6 minarets. This is actually because of a mistake according to our tour guide. Apparently the word for gold and six were close to each other back in the day. The Sultan wanted golden minarets, the architect thought the Sultan wanted 6 minarets. Needless to say, Sultan Ahmed was not happy. He moved to Saudi Arabia for a few years and built another mosque there. He eventually came back and accepted the Blue Mosque. I like stories :).
Below are pictures
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Are you loving the tiles yet? I am |
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Mihrab and Minbar |
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Outside of the mosque. Thanks dude for getting in the picture...anytime. |
After the mosque, we went to go see how Turkish carpets are made. A small rug will run you about USD 1000. It was fun to sit with the lady by the loom and help her tie some knots. The difference between Persian and Turkish carpets is in the way that the knots are tied. A Turkish carpet wraps the thread around 2x while a Persian carpet does it 1.5 times. Below are tons of pictures.
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Beautiful! |
That was the end of the group adventures for the day. This evening, Paige and I went to the HogaPasha Mevlevi Sema Ceremony in order to see the Whirling Dervishes. In 2005, UNESCO named this ceremony as Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
Before jumping into the Sema Ceremony, it is important to known what Sufis are and what they believe. Sufism is a mystical branch of Islam. In short, Sufis want to turn their hearts away from everything except for God. They do this through a dhikr "rememberance". The Dhikr is a sort of ritual. Some Sufis move their heads back in forth, other's pierce themselves and some sufis dance. They use this things to help them focus more on God.
Remember my buddy, Bawa Muhiaydeen? Well he started a sufi branch in America. He is a swaying Sufi. I like chilling with the Sufis.
The whirling dervishes are formally known as the Mevlevi Dervishes. This order to Sufis was started by Rumi, a 13th century Jurist, Poet and theologian. The order began in 1273 in Konya Turkey after Rumi's death. The whirling dance represents man's journey through mind and love to the state of connection with Allah. In the dance, a Dervish attempts to shed his human needs and focus on finding the truth, or Allah. At the end of the dance, the dervish returns to humanity and is better able to interact with creation. The act of the Sema or Whirling was created by Rumi. One day he was walking down the street and heard the crafts men reciting there is no god but God as they banged the gold. As a result, he created his dhikr. Also all of Rumi's poems are about God. He writes to God as if they are lovers. He is that in love with God and connected to him. St. Augustine did the same thing when writing about Jesus. Rumi's poems are often found in Valentine's Day cards.
Rumi has said in reference to Sema:
For them it is the Sema
of this world and the other.
Even more for the circle of dancers
within the Sema
Who turn and have, in their midst,
their own Ka'aba.
[10]
Below is my favorite Rumi poem. He is writing about Love and God.
"The Lovers"
will drink wine night and day.
They will drink until they can
tear away the veils of intellect and
melt away the layers of shame and modesty.
When in Love,
body, mind, heart and soul don't even exist.
Become this,
fall in Love,
and you will not be separated again.
When in conversations at school with classmates, sometimes we play the game "If you were a Muslim, what type of Muslim would you be?". I always answer Sufi. I really like the idea of a certain ritual that an individual can work and improve upon. I also like how Sufis believe that the human is able to directly connect with God. Of course I would also like to whirl.
No pictures were allowed during the ceremony since it is a religious ritual. I will explain the ceremony using words.
Sema is a spiritual journey in which a sufi connects its soul to God and experiences unity with him.
During the ceremony, there is a band,
mutrip, that plays the music that the Sufi's dance to. The band is composed of a flutist, drummers and chanters. Across from the place where the Sufis enter is the semahane, or sheik's post. This is marked with a red sheep's fur blanket thing. It represents birth and existence. In between the entrance and sheik's post is the hatt-i Istiva. This direct line will only be crossed by the sheik, or leader. This line represents the shortest path to unity with God, a unity only the sheik has obtained. No other sufis can walk this line.
There are 7 parts to the Sema ceremony
1) The Sufis line up and the sheik sits by his red mat. The band plays for awhile. Next the nat-I-Serif is chanted. This work praises Muhammad. I could not find an English translation, but I found a youtube video in Turkish. Link below:
nat-I-serif
2) A drum and voice start to play. This represents "Be" or existence.
3)Ney begins, This is when the flutes play in order to represent God's first breath giving the universe life. This music is improvised by the flute player.
4)The improvisation is completed.
Devr-i-Veled begins with the accompaniment of the "peshrev". The sheikh and whirling dervishes revolve three times with the music. REVOLVE NOT WHIRL! they are walking. The first revolution represents the creation of the sun, moon and stars as well as the creation of non living things. The second revolution represents the creation of plants and the fourth represents the creation of animals. The sufis bow and prostate themselves to each other before the whirling begins.
5) The Sheikh returns to his shake post. The Sufis then take off the black robes they were wearing. They begin whirling at this point. This start of whirling represents the birth of humanity. When the dervishes enter the circle, their arms are crossed across their bodies. This is so they look like the number 1. As they turn, their arms unravel. Both arms go up, one points to heaven the other to earth. This is to represent "from God we receive, to man we give; we keep nothing for ourselves". The movement of the dervishes paralells the solar system.
1 Salute- Get rid of doubts and focus on the existence of God
2 Salute- dissolve your existence into the existence of God
3 Salute-Cleansing...to reach "maturity"
4 Salute-union of "non existence" and "existence" is reached. The Sheikh begins to whirl with the dervishes again at this part in the Sema. The Shekih, still wearing the black robe, opens it up with his right hand and clapses the edges with his left hand. This demonstrates how he opens up his heart to his people.
6) The Sheik returns to his post. The music is improvisational again. The Quran is recited; "The East and the West belong to God and wherever you turn, you are faced with Him. He is all Embracing and all Knowing". In Arabic, of course.
7) The Fatiha is recited for all people (in Arabic)
"
In the name of God, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
All praise and thanks is for to God, [The] Creator, Owner, Sustainer of the Worlds.
The Entirely Merciful, The Especially Merciful.
Owner of the Day of Recompense.
You alone do we worship and You alone we seek for help.
Guide us to the Straight Path.
The path of those whom Your blessings are upon, not of those who You have cursed nor of those who have gone astray."
I know this is hard to read, its hard to explain as well. I figured I would try. I tried to follow what the program said, but terms are often confusing.
Now would be a good time to explain the outfits. There are three parts.
1)
ski-
This hat represents the tombstone
2)the coat-a black robe. This represents the grave
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3) The tennure- this white outfit represents the shroud.
In Sufism, there tends to be the idea of death before dying. Since a person is only united with God upon their death, a Sufi must die in a metaphorical sense in order to unite their soul with God while they are alive. Beautiful!
Below is a link of the Sema ceremony. I have a DVD version of the one I saw, but if you want to watch now here is a version. Skip to 1:30.
After the Sufi ceremony, Paige and I went to bed. Tomorrow would be our free day to see whatever we wanted. We wanted to be awake and prepared.
FREE DAY!
On our Free Day, Paige and I planned on visiting the historical sites around town. I planned to visit the harem on this day, but it is closed on Tuesdays. I still have an excellent day though.
First we woke up and walked to Suleymaniye Mosque. This mosque was built in honor of the Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent by the famous archetect Sinan. The mosque was finished in 1588. Suleyman had this mosque built in a similar way to the Dome of the Rock, which was built on the sight of the Temple of Soleman. Suleyman thought of himself and wanted to portray himself as the second Soleman.
When I went there, it was under reconstruction. We could not see anything except a small aisle for prayer. Quite honestly, I'm not sure we were at the correct mosque. However, I am writing about the mosque because it was very important in Turkish history. I hope I went to the right place, but all the mosques look the same from the outside.
Okay so after some intense google searching, I have determined that I was never actually at Suleymaniye mosque. I'm kind of disappointed that I made that mistake. It is supposed to be amazing. I think I was at the University of Istanbul's mosque, but I really don't know.
After the mosque visit, Paige and I went to the Grand Bazar. This place is huge! Inside there are over 3,000 shops and the bazar receives about 250-400,000 visitors a day. There are fountains and beautiful tiles! Unfortunately, my camera deleted my pictures of this (I just realized now). So I only have three pictures of lanterns. I didn't realize the extent of my camera problems til this minute. I bought a new one today, but I will blog about it tomorrow :P.
Below are some pictures I googled
One of the fountains
Ceramics
What a store front would look like
Iznik fountain!
ceiling
After this. Paige and I went to walk towards the Blue Mosque. Our goal was to talk to the Imam and get a copy of the Quran from him. Essentially, our free day became a scavenger hunt. On the way to the Blue Mosque, Paige and I stopped for lunch at a place nearby. We enjoyed our lunch outside and were ready to leave. On the way out, the waiter said he would like to give us a free cup of tea on the house. We figured what the heck and stayed. He listed many options, Apple and Rose Tea. We picked rose tea because we had had the apple tea before. The Rose Tea was the best tea that I have ever had in my life! It smelt like jello, but tasted very good. They literally put tiny tea roses in hot water. It is amazing! After tea, we went to the Blue Mosque. We walked around for a bit and noticed that the Imam had many people in his room. We did not want to interrupt, so we sat outside his door. After a while, I got up to ask an employee across the way if Paige and I could go up on the balcony where the women pray on Fridays. He said no, but was kind to us and told me to come back on Friday if I wanted to go on the balcony. After a brief chat, he took us to the Imam and introduced us. The Immam asked if we had questions, I said that I would prefer if he just spoke. He told us that Islam recognizes all the prophets that Christians do, like Moses, Noah and Jesus. Except in Islam, Jesus is not the son of God. He talked for a long time about this and seemed to want to drive home the point that Christians and Muslims are very much the same. I agree with this. Both religions share similar principles with each other and Judaism. Upon leaving, the Imam handed us a small English version of the Quran, a book about how to pray in Islam and a book about Islam. He was very nice to us and I enjoyed our conversation. He even let me practice my Arabic with him for a few minutes once he knew that I knew a little Arabic. That was kinda cool. The Imam told us that if we waited around for 2 hours that we could hear his favorite Muezzin chant the call to prayer. We decided to keep moving, but we thanked him a lot.
Next, Paige and I visited Basilica Cistern. This is the largest cistern in Istanbul. It was built in the 6th century by a Byzantine Emperor Justinius. It is believed that over 7,000 slaves helped to build the cistern. It provided water to many buildings, including Topkai Palace. The most interesting thing about this cistern is the two heads of Medusa that are found in the corner. It is believed that she was put there because due to her story, she was a Gorgan and thus lived in the ground. Her head was used for decorative purposes. The heads are tilted sideways or upside-down in order to divert the gaze of Medusa so she does not turn you into stone.
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Me at the Cistern |
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The cistern |
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Fish are friends not food |
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a singular fancy column...looks like the evil eye but I am not sure |
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It's the head of the Gorgan, Medusa! |
After this, Paige and I walked around for a bit. We each bought a silk shirt from a store and had fun trying on the many different patterns and colors. The shirts are made in Istanbul with silk from China. After about two hours, we found ourselves in front of the Blue Mosque again. We heard the call to prayer and went inside the mosque. It was so beautiful! The Muzzein was really excellent and I am glad that we heard it. It was neat hearing the call to prayer in a very European looking area. Sometimes in Istanbul, you tend to forget that you are in the Middle East. This was a nice surprising reminder.
After this, the day ended and Paige and I went to bed. We were tired. I did experience the night life 2 times and hitted up some clubs. They were fun, but I preferred to wake up each morning fresh and ready to see the historical sites.
The next day, the SIT group went to visit Faith University in Istanbul, but on the Asian side of Istanbul. It was nice to see a university, but it was not particularly interesting. Below are some pictures
...Actually I can't find the pictures. But honestly, you aren't missing much. #stupidcamera
The next day, the SIT group went on a Bosphorus River cruise. Since the Bosphorus divides Istanbul between Asia and Europe, we could see both sides at once. Below are some picture.
That evening, Paige and I went to dinner and a show. The show included different types of Turkish cultural dance. The program did not give names for the different acts or really explanations. The first one scared the crap out of me. It had two men, one dressed as a women, the other as a man. Their bellies were their faces and their arms were covered in cloth and above their head. This acted at the hat of the figure. They had these fake stuffed arms that laid limp at their waists. While I was watching the one figure dance, the other came up to me and surprised me by smacking me with his fake arms. I was shocked and totally suprised. I screamed. This dance was kind of sexual. The figures kept trying to get it on. It was a bit out there, but only lasted 10 minutes.
Below are pictures.
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The terrifying two |
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Look at how she dances so innocently |
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Look at its limp arms! |
The next dance was belly dancing. This was the one Paige and I were most interested in #suchAmericans. The lady was very good. I gave her a tip and she danced for me. However, I could not bring myself to put the money in her skirt or bra like the other customers had done. I felt that that was demeaning so instead, I handed it to her. We both laughed. Good times.
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When she danced for Paige and I |
The last dance reminded me of a type of Debka dance. It consisted of a lot of stepping. After the two men danced, they invited Paige and I to join them. We had a fun time! I'm sorry to say I don't have pictures of this either, but it was fun.
The next day, we packed up to go home.
Someone had asked if I could post pictures and describe anything I bought. Below are the most significant
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Harem pants. They are huge in the thigh and the crotch hangs low |
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An Evil Eye necklace to protect me |
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One of these lanterns |
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A necklace with the Arabic letter "و". In sufism, the "و" is considered the letter of love. It is used in Arabic as "and". Without "و", nothing could connect. Man and women, heaven and earth, God and people could not be together if it were not for this letter. Beautiful.
Things I bought not pictured
1) a replica of an Iznik tile from the sanctuary room of Topaki Serey. It was hand painted by a famous Turkish painter that I am too lazy to look up at the moment.
2)A scarf with random Arabic letters
3) A Music box that plays"Uskudar a Gider Iken". I had to sing this song for my Ottoman history class (in Turkish). It was nice to be able to connect a memory from Gettysburg College with a memory from Istanbul. Below is a link to the song in Turkish.
Song
English and Turkish words are as follows. It is a song about how a women is flirting with her scribe while walking down the street.
Üsküdar'a gideriken
Üsküdar’a Gider İken Aldı Da Bir Yağmur,
Kâtibimin Setresi Uzun Eteği Çamur.
Kâtip Uykudan Uyanmış Gözleri Mahmur.
Kâtip Benim Ben Kâtibin El Ne Karışır,
Kâtibime Kolalı Da Gömlek Ne Güzel Yaraşır.
Üsküdar’a Gider İken Bir Mendil Buldum,
Mendilimin İçine Lokum Doldurdum.
Kâtibimi Arar İken Yanımda Buldum.
Kâtip Benim Ben Kâtibin El Ne Karışır,
Kâtibime Kolalı Da Gömlek Ne Güzel Yaraşır.
English
While going to Üsküdar
While going to Üsküdar, rain started,
My scribes coat is long, his skirt is muddy.
The scribe has woken up from sleep, his eyes are cloudy.
The scribe is mine, i am his and strangers can't interfere,
Starched shirt looks nice to the scribe.
While going to Üsküdar, i found a handkerchief,
I put lokum (Turkish delight) into my handkerchief.
While i search for my scribe, i found him at my side.
The scribe is mine, i am his and strangers can't interfere,
Starched shirt looks nice to the scribe.
3)A Karagoz puppet-I wrote a paper about this type of Turkish shadow puppetry back in the day. I traced its origins back to Indonesia and compared Indonesian puppets to the Karagoz. I also explained what Islam had to do and how it effected the shows once the Ottomans converted to Islam. |
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My old friend Karagoz |
I think this sums up Istanbul!
Talk to you soon,
Natalie